Ankle arthritis develops when the cartilage in the ankle joint wears away, leading to pain, swelling, and stiffness. It can result from previous injuries, such as fractures or sprains, or from general wear and tear over time. As the arthritis progresses, everyday activities like walking can become increasingly painful, and the ankle may lose its range of motion. Bone spurs may form, and the joint can become unstable, further limiting mobility. Treatment options include physical therapy, medications, and surgery to relieve pain and improve function.